What Is the Complete Process of Hardware Development and Design?
Introduction Hardware development is the process of turning an idea into a real electronic product — from a simple desk lamp to a sophisticated aerospace control system. Let’s explore how a hardware product evolves from concept to a fully functional prototype. 1. System Architecture Analysis The first step is to analyze the overall system architecture. […]
Why Are Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Green?
Most printed circuit boards (PCBs) used in electronic products are green — but why?
Complete Overview of PCB Manufacturing, Assembly, Testing, and Debugging
Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are the foundation of modern electronics. From smartphones to industrial control systems, reliable PCB design and production are essential for stable device performance. This guide provides a full overview of the PCB development process—from manufacturing and assembly to testing and debugging.
What Is PCB Layout and Routing?
A well-designed PCB layout and routing not only guarantees reliable circuit performance, but also plays a key role in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), anti-interference capability, and overall manufacturability.
What Is a Printed Circuit Board (PCB)?
In electronic design, engineers use a schematic diagram to plan and analyze circuits. A schematic shows symbols for components and the lines that connect them, but it is purely conceptual — it cannot make a motor spin, light an LED, or perform any physical function.
Hardware Design Insights: Crystal Oscillators and I²C Pull-Up Resistors
Hardware Design Insights: Crystal Oscillators and I²C Pull-Up Resistors In hardware engineering, many subtle component choices often determine a product’s long-term stability and manufacturability. Based on years of practical experience, TronixV shares insights into two commonly overlooked yet crucial design details — crystal oscillator frequency tolerance and I²C pull-up resistor selection. 1. Crystal Oscillator Tolerance: […]